Now a days , people become more aware of environment coz of one or another reasons and so , it has proven a good market for automakers too ... ain't it ??

Big vehicles naturally weigh more than small vehicles. The more weight, the more power necessary to accelerate. If we lived in a world of small vehicles, it would be far simpler to cheaply and cleanly power those vehicles.



Ultimately, I hope that all vehicles, if not smaller, are significantly lighter. Then vehicles like the Vespa Granturismo Scooter could go screaming down the freeway without fear.



The Granturismo's 20 horsepower, 200cc four-stroke engine is the biggest, fastest, and makes the new Vespa faster than ever, reaching 70 mpg with the GT version also the looks and design is very tempting for me ...

still its not that much costly ... nearly $ 5000 ...

trendy , stylish and environment friendly !!!

This is not a new technology for energy generation , infact this process is used to produce power in power stations where fossil fuels are burnt , coal fired power plant or diesel power plant for example. But in place of fossil fuels like coal or diesel , in this method solar heat is used to produce steam.

Have you seen solar water heater ?? well , Concentrated Solar Power Plant or CSP for short uses same method but in a larger scale to produce heated fluid which in terms , heats water flowing in heat exchanger device and generates steam which finally runs turbine ... the same way it is used at thermal power plants. This method of solar energy conversion is known as in-active or passive solar energy conversion , compared to active energy conversion like Photo Voltaic cells a.k.a. Solar Cells.

Well the roots of experiment lies at roman ages when , great inventor and scientist Archimedes used concentrated heat of sun with help of some kind of shiny metal and burn out the roman fleet !!! well its just a myth , but who knows may be it is true ... after all myths just don't got story in one night .. right ?? or another ancient example is tower of Alexandria .. just like its world famous library , the lighthouse of alexandria was also famous in ancient world and was considered as one of the seven wonders of ancient world. In that tower too they had used same concentration of heat concept.

So , inspired from ancient history , modern scientists developed whole new kind of technology to produce electricity , knows as Concentrated Solar Power or CSP for short. The basic working logic is pretty simple ... they use larger / small mirrors and concentrate heat of sun at one spot which contains some kind of liquid material ( synthetic oil or molten salt for example ) ... and then this liquid goes through heat exchanger mechanism with water and converts that water in to hight pressure steam which then runs steam turbine .. ( don't ask more details , as its whole new subject of study ) ...

Depending on design CSP is catagorized into three methods.




First one is , Tower Type , in which solar energy is concentrated in the tower placed between field of mirrors ,known as heliostats which follows movement of sun and keep their self in such a position that , they always reflect maximum solar radiation. The first CSP , Tower project in USA was Solar One ... at california which was among first generation of CSP plants . It was able to produce about 10MW electricity.






Second one is , known as Trought type , in which instead of heating single spot like in tower type , heat is concentrated on individual troughs passing though series of concave highly reflective mirrors. The CSP, Trought project in USA is built at , Nevada known as Nevada Solar One ... and another project is at Kremer Junction , California. Both CSP plants uses trought system.






Third type is , Disc Type, in which parabolic dish reflector is used which concentrates solar heat at its focal point where close cycle re-generative heat engine is placed. Which runs with help of heated fluid.The biggest system of this kind is placed near Canberra , Australia.

Out of all these 3 types , it has been said that , the Disc Type CSP system works more efficiently because of its compact and effective design.

The biggest challenge with these systems are , they require larger area of operation and clear sky of sunny weather. Also the fluid that they use for heating must be having great conductivity and heat storage capacity. And hence still researches are being done to improve performance of the whole system.

But , all these CSP systems have been proved that all these system can work very efficiently and effectively at lower cost. They gives us clean green energy that we have ever imagined , a better less polluted future.

May the force be with us ...

Sometimes today , I read this at National Geographic Website ... And its really shocking for me ... About 19 percent of coral reefs have disappeared during the last 20 years, said IUCN's director general, Julia Marton-Lefèvre.

"If current trends in carbon dioxide emission continue, many of the remaining reefs will be lost in the next 20 to 40 years," Marton-Lefèvre said at Wednesday's U.N. talks, which are focused on creating a new climate change treaty.

"Climate change must be limited to the absolute minimum if we want to save coral reefs. We need to move forward and substantially cut emissions," she said.

Increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, which fuels global warming , is raising ocean levels and temperatures. When oceans absorb carbon dioxide from air, the gas reacts with water to produce carbonic acid.That makes the water more acidic, dissolving the calcium shells of reef-building coral and other creatures that rely on the mineral.

Njoy ???

Couple of days before , i saw one video of youtube ... it was about evolution, globalization and information technology ... it was quite fancy video ... i don't think that computers will ever reach to intelligence level of human or some day , technology will be such a cheap that a $ 1000 computer will be having more computing power then whole population of earth !!! ( that's really funny !! ) ... but some facts of present are very true but it doesn't mean that this will continue in future too , right ?? .. anyways .... njoy the video ....

Though I am grown in size or i am some twenties doesn't mean that i don't like cartoon movies , infact i am fan of toons , my all time favorites were Justice league and batman and superman and ....... list is soooooo long .... :p ...

when i saw disney movie WALL-E , i felt same excitement that i felt as a kid i went to gone to watch alladin ( i guess it was my first toon movie in theaters lolz, sweet memories ahhh ...) ... and like always , disney did great movie ... and i bought DVD of that movie too ( from CC ) !!! and i don't know but i guess , i saw it about 15 times then after on my TV nd Lappy ... may be it sounds crazy , but i always do with the movies that i like a lot ... ( latest one is , tropic thunder ... hahaha that is funny movie too ... ) ...




I liked the way movie picturized , you feel like nearly real locations and like all scenes were shot from handy cam !!! I liked the animation of Wall-E himself ... i mean they try to show human expression on a face of robot and more over its a machine .. ( not a robot like IRobot ,say more human faced robots ) ... he is always curious to know things and will do anything for his love ( just like humans ) !!! his girlfriend was more like a machine too , not much impressive but her voice was cute , the way she calls wall-e was really sweeeeeeeeeeeeet ...

Well, its less talkative movie and so some ppl felt bored with this movie ... may be they are right ... but for me , i enjoyed it .. ( may be becase i like toons !!! ) ... i was just feeling to write about this movie so i blup about it here ... :p ...

Njoy ....

Hey guys , well i don't think that i am writing something very new ... but it sure looks sweet ... the animated tag cloud just like you can see right of this page .... it is tags that we put at end of each posts ...... There is a one good lady ... "Amanda" , she actually wrote code for this cloud , i am just copy and pasting her code ... ( ahh , i am not good at coding ... sigh sigh .. )

pre-requisites ...

... you must have some tags ...

... number of tags must not be much ... ( she didn't mentioned this but i was not able to get this thing done for long time till yesterday just because of this reason , i got load of tags for both blogs )


... good skill to do copy and paste ... ( i guess , i am maestro of this skill !!! )

... ability to read english !!! ( .. hmm , i guess i have to put it first :p )

okie .. here are the steps ...

1. log in into blogger account and then go to layout in it , go to Edit HTML.
2. make sure to NOT to have checked expand widget templates , it will just make things more complicated .
3. find , ... in HTML code. ( you can do it by hitting Ctrl+F and then simply search it !!! )
4. just below this line paste this code ...

5. and preview the template ... if you are lucky , you will see the animated tag cloud just like mine.
6. You can change parameters like height, width , font color and background colors but for colors you must be knowing HTML color codes.
7. To change the height and width of cloud simply search and replace the following code,

<object type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="http://halotemplates.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-cumulus-example/tagcloud.swf" width="250" height="200" allowscriptaccess="always" >

8. And to change color of fonts and back ground … find and edit following code,

<param name="bgcolor" value="#ffffff" /> ( for background color)

<param name="flashvars" value="tcolor=0x000000&mode=tags&distr=true&tspeed=100&tagcloud=<tags> ( for font color )

Njoy ….

People , who have seen new Bond's movie ... Quantum of Solace ... may feel a bit of shock or surprise because in this movie you will find that bond has not used much fancy gadgets or anything like he used to do in his past movies !!!





Being fan of bond's movies ... i got surprised when i watched that movie for first time ... but to be honest i liked this movie more ... why ?? .. well because in this movie i feel that he's really doing "work" ... 'coz most of time things that he do are just because of "blessings" of Q ... not his own skill ... i personally believe that he only masters in just breaking and shaking things ... :P ... but in QoS ... he really has worked hard ... all fights are pretty original looking ...

may be ppl felt that this movie is okie , coz no gadgets at all ... but i liked this movie just because its kind of reincarnation of bond !!! ( ow ... sometimes i guess , i think hell lot ) ...

well i m not critic .. its just me .... so better you decide your self ...

Njoy ....

I guess , there are lots of tools are available for analysis and simulation of energy ... i call it engineering of energy ... ;) ... but i thought that they always charge for this sort of sotwares and tools ... but in my previous solar energy class , our professor introduced us with new software provided by US, Department of Energy aka DOE ... the name is Energy Plus ...

EnergyPlus models heating, cooling, lighting, ventilating, and other energy flows as well as water in buildings. While originally based on the most popular features and capabilities of BLAST and DOE-2, EnergyPlus includes many innovative simulation capabilities such as time steps of less than an hour, modular systems and plant integrated with heat balance-based zone simulation, multizone air flow, thermal comfort, water use, natural ventilation, and photovoltaic systems. It is a stand-alone simulation program but it is not having any GUI , all the I/P and O/P are text based ... but they say GUI will be soon there ... ( i guess , its pretty enough for free , right ?? ) ..

To download it , you must have to register first at DOE site ... and then you can have option to choose for download, they also have this program for Linux and MAC OS ... once you register , they will send an email containing password ... which we are required to provide during installation ...

I say , if you want to try some tool for energy analysis or just want to experiece how things really work when guys design some system , what they really calculate , what are the factors that make efficent system then this software is really good ....

give it a try ...

Save the Planet ...

Last week our professor sent me a link of one web-site ... on that site they have posted speach of Barack Obama the president elect. , at Lansing , Missisippi about his vision of an american dream of energy as a part of his election campain !!!

By winning elections at Nov, '04 2008 ... democrate Barack Obama made history in the united states by becoming first black man ever as a president in history. I think he was a good candidate compared to John Mccain of republican ... Obama looks more down to earth person and he knows what people really need ... ( ow , i am not political analyist but this what i felt from his speaches ) , then his opponents ... and perhaps this is the reason why he won crown of president .... :p ...

But one thing that i liked more about him is his visions about energy ... he is more willing to increase govt. helping and resources for alternative energy production methods like solar cells or geo thermal energy ... he want to reduce dependance of USA on oil ...

He is planning to pump in about $150 billion to boost up efforts to make clean green energy ... he also want to put PHEV ( Plugin Hybrid Electic Vehicle ) on the roads on large numbers to reduce green gases ... more over large number of green collar jobs will be generated becase of these r&d and manufacturing ...

perhaps he is the first president who ever thought about making green energy as a national agenda and make country an oil independent ....

here is that site that our professor sent up to read / watch / listen ...


may the force be with us ...

DST ... its Daylight Saving Time ... we advance our clock one hour during summer and at start of fall, we change it to original one hour back position ... that is basic definition of DST.

But DST has a very brief and controversial history ... it was firstly proposed by William Willett an english builder ... but it has been said that DST has roots to romans too !!! William as a visonary , realized that most of the people sleep during sunny summer days' mornings which was waste of energy for him !!! so brought up with an idea to forward his clock an head of time !!! ( was a simple but effective solution right ?? ) ...





Since then , almost all europian countries and USA has adopted DST standards ... but it is not an easy job to implement that time ... because , they need to calculate sun rise and fall time and also need to co-ordinate with all govt. departments and lot of other stuffs ... even at time of first implementation , it was opposed politically too !!!




and Today , Nov. 02 ... at night of 2 a.m. clock is set back to 1 a.m. .... end of DST ...

i found one interesting website for getting for information about this ... they have done it with nice interface ... check it out ...


Keep reading ....

This tuesday , 28th october , was "diwali" .... the festival of lights ... being majority populated by hindus , diwali is major festival of india and is celebrated all over it with joy ... well , like almost all festival, this festival too has ancient roots joined with religion ...

But for me , its just festival of lights and i simply love its celebration ... not as hindu or as an indian ... i bet , if anyone around the world has ever visited india at diwali , surely they would have loved it ... and perhaps its true for all festivals , like ... holi or navaratri for example ... when i was kid, we used to say , we indians don't feel good if we don't have anything to celebrated at least once in a week ... and its almost true that we always have celebrations ...( ah .. old days ... i miss them ... :( ) ...




We follow lunar calander , and hence all festivals are calculated based on moon phase ... we celebrated diwali for 5 days ... the first day is "dhan teras" ... its 13 phase of moon, on that day we pray deity of "dhan" .. Money ... thats goddess lakhami ... we pray her to not to leave us !! ( ha.. it sounds funny ... but in real life , i guess we all do that every day .. right ?? ) and to drive away evil spirits.

The next day is "kali chaudas" , 14th phase day of moon... the day of evil spirits ... when i was kid , my mom used to force me to stay at home at night at that day , because it is believed that on this day evil spirits are on their maximum power. People who pray goddess of black magic and evil spirit "kali" , do special religious ceremony on this day ...

Diwali is the third day , and its no moon day , that we call "amavasya" ... this is also last day of one of the old indian calander , "vikram samvat" ... ( btw, vikram was name of the king who was said to be one of his kind .. ahh ... its another story to tell you guys ) ... so this is very special day for us ... we lit "diyas" everywhere ... actually "diyas" are symbolic presentation of light , which represents meaning that by lighting "diyas" we are trying to drive away darkness that is surrounding us in our life !!!

Next , fourth day is ... any guess ????? ........ ya .. its "new year" ..... my most fav. day of the year perhaps .... this is the day when celebration is at peak i guess ... families go out to meet relatives , and that relatives too come again to meet them !!! , we have already made special snacks and sweets for this days ... actually these snacks are not made other then for diwali so .. when i was kid .. i used to eat them lots because, we never get chance to eat them again till next year !!! ( sometimes .. i hate traditions ... ) ... another good thing was , as a sign of good blessings elders give $$$ to younger ones .. ( now you know why i liked this day ?? ) ...

The last and fifth day is "Bhai beej" ... well this day is also celebrated in special way ... actually this day is for brothers and sisters ... at this day , sisters invite their brother/s for special meal ... and in return brother give gifts to sister !!



Overall , it is perhaps the best time of my life .. i enjoy typical indian traditions for 5 days at every moment ... we make traditional dishes of celebration ( though some are now available though out the year ) ... at india some people make a colored design "rangoli" near their entrance of their home , which is basically a free hand design made from color powder and chalk .. to keep evil spirits away ... we lit our house with lights and diyas ... visit temple on new year day ... but as said by someone ... when you're in rome , do as romans do ... so living at usa , its never so fun to celebrate that i had at india ... but still i try to "feel" that i used to feel at india ....


always love your traditions ...

I don't think that angels are some kind of spirits ... but they are real people just like us , they are someone who makes us feel happy ... someone who makes us feel full of life ... someone that brings smile on our face ... someone that ease our pain at bad times ... that's what i think an angel is.


you know ... I can see two angles always near me ... they make me smile when ever i talk to them !!! ... and i tried to catch them on my mobile's cam in action !!!


Haaa ... You are right , they are just a kids !!! But you know , kids are the angels that brings joy to our life ... don't you think so ?? well, they are my nephew (2.5 year ) and niece (2 months) ... they are so cute .... ain't they ??? .. ow in the last pic , someone "caught" me playing with my angels ... hehehe ...














Yes , i believe that kids are angels .. its because as a kid they are so pure by heart , they don't judge people from their intelligence , or richness or power ... their measure is love , more you love 'em more they make your life pleasant ... they are messenger of happiness , the finest creation of men and women , a gift of god ...

I am , lucky to have angels near me !!!

Yesterday , i came across about 3 month old page of BBC ... actually it was picture gallery ... title was .. Ethiopia's impending famine ... i am placing some of the snapshots here ... just take a look at them ... i guess, it takes courage to even take photos like this ...





When i see so much pain and suffering in people of this world , it always makes me think ... " Are they from our Earth ?? " ... because here places around me all i see , is a whole materialistic world ... people hungry for power , money and position !!! Mostly they don't think or even care for others ... well it includes me ... its so easy to write all this things lying on cozy bed and having all comforts of life that makes my life easy ... It amazes me that , we all know one bitter truth that at one day we will standing in front of " the One " , the god for some people ... and at that day , we may not be able to answer his question that , have you ever done anything for others ?? ...





you know , i always worry for my weight ( coz , i am getting overweighted !!! ... ) but when i see these people , i feel shame for my self ... i feel like i have stolen their share of food !!! I wish i can help people like them all around the world ... i wish i can make this world a better place to live for every one ... i am not any kind of activist , i even don't have courage to leave everyone and just run to help people ... but i DO KNOW that , i will try my best what i can ...

Bless 'Em

Now a days it seems like everybody are into business of solar cells and just want to make $$$ out of it !!! ... yesterday i was browsing internet , and i came across this site ... they are selling Solar Messenger Bags !! ...





This bag is having solar panel mounted on it so it generates power even when you are walking around !! ... it was nearly 200$ !! compared to an avg. good looking messenger bag from circuit city or staples or even macy's about 30-40$ ... well , this is what they say for their bag ...

"The front flap features a light-weight, flexible, integrated solar charging module which can be utilized by using a common 12V automotive charging adapter made specifically for the brand and type of personal electronics you own. Using a cell phone as an example, you can trickle charge the cell phone battery during casual commutes to work or on campus. This solar panel is not designed to charge a laptop computer."

so ... if have nothing to do or your mobile is out of power , then you can charge your mobile by walking around in campus .... say for couple of hours !!! ... so i guess this bag is nothing but a fancy junk ... right ??

I am not saying that solar cells have no hope .. infact , i would like to use them for my house ... but for this bag ... i would rather buy psp ...

may the force be with us ...

Ahh ... couple of weeks ago i saw a movie , Journey to the center of the earth ... in which they picturized theory to travel to the center of the earth via volcano tubes !!! Well , its not whole ridiculous idea ... may be you don't know , but Nazis too believed that " Hollow Earth " concept and firmly believed that there is hidden world beneath the world on the surface of the earth !!! Even some peoples claim that , Hitler didn't killed him self , the guy that Allied forces found was dummy of him and he was successfully able to escape to that hidden world ... ( ahh ... paranoids ... they even can see him walking at the time square !!! ) ...

Actually the journey that i am talking about doesn't lead to the center of earth ... ( gasp , i wish it could lead me there so i can skip my classes for a while or i can give good excuse to my professor for submitting my project report late .... ) ... it was just a tiny tunnel that i always need to pass near exit 59 of route 15 ... When i got new license and took car by my self for the first time to my school ... i was a bit of scared ... i thought i will be suffocated to death in this tunnel ... actually it remind me one old movie of Sylvester "rocky" Stallone .... " day light " , in which they showed how he rescues people from massive accident in a busy tunnel !!! ( that movie was super flop though ) ... i thought its gonna be my end ... coz this tunnel was not even big like that shown in that movie .. damn ... But after couple of times i passed thought that tunnel now i am comfortable with it ... they call it .. "Heroes' tunnel" ... ( don't ask me why ... ) ...


The tunnel from far ...



I am indside !!





During maintenance work in tunnel , they closed one entrance and diverted both incoming and outgoing traffic through only one line !!! ... ( Do i need to say , because of that i got stuck near half an hour at night of 10 pm ?? )






May the force be with us ....

Heyyyyy ... sori for being absent for long time ....i think , being social ... means lots of waste of time , and worst thing is we can't escape from people !!! anyways ... this time i am gonna blurp about alternative sources of energy ...

The sources of energy are divided in to two parts , renewable energy source and non-renewable energy source ... former one means , energy source which can be generated/retrieved after very short period of time , for example ... wind / water ... etc .. and later one means , energy source which can not be generated in short period of time , it can take millions of million years to get it again ... for example , coal / fossil fuels ...

Now like we know , these non-renewable fuels are making our earth the worst place to live , more over they are not gonna last for ever right ?? But these non-renewable sources are gonna be here for ever !!!! ... i mean , can you believe that , after couple of years we will not be having air ?? or water ?? or sun ?????? no .. right ?? ... so,in short they will be here till earth it self doesn't get explode in space ....... ( not yet the time for ,intergalactic travel for star wars lovers ... sigh sigh ?? )

In recent years , people really got aware about environment and clean energy .... researches are carried out worldwide and even governments are also getting involved in these researches ... and patriotism plays one of the driving factor !!! .... yup , many countries in this world want to get free from the clutches of OPEAC , and make their economy an " oil-free" economy ... because " oil " itself takes a bigger portion of national budget ... and European countries seem to be more serious about it then rest of the world !!!

We have plenty of renewable energy sources available for example ... WIND ...

Wind is used to drive wind mills , which runs wind turbines to produce electricity ... but major problem is , we can't place wind mill at our home right ?? for that we need plenty of open space .. ( this place is called "wind farm" ) .. and sufficient wind flow ... but main advantage is , its green energy ... means not a bit of pollution , no risk of any kind of hazard or side effects to humans !!!




here is screenshot of off shore wind farm at Delaware ...







another example is ... Water ...

Well, actually water has been used to produce electricity from many decades and it has proven to be the best source of clean energy ... but this sort of hydro electric plant requires massive space to store water ... a space to make reservoir ... and its the only problem ... and again advantages ?? ... same .. clean green energy ...


guess the name ?? ........... yaa.. its hoover dam !!!



another example is ... to use Power of Tides !!!

I bet most of us have never thought tide can be used to generate power !!! well , it is very true that some countries , having great seacoast are working to figure out to put this idea in a working plant ... for example ... france and russia !!! ... its a bit of same technology they use in panama canal to move ships !!!





the energy in which i am interest the most ....from SUN !!!

Sun .... it is vital part of civilizations from ancient times , sun is considered as an almighty god , weather its , Mayans or Egyptians or Indian or Roman civilization ... it gives life to every living thing on earth ... and perhaps the most researched field of alternative energy is solar cells .... Solar cells were originally developed for space expedition space crafts , because it is the only " known " form of energy to us in space ... ( others are still under research , like "dark matter " ) ... and now a days we have seen very good examples successful use of Solar Cells to produce electricity that can be used commercially !!! .... some countries like Germany are very aggressive for this technology development and implementation ...




And , as an engineer i see very bright future for this technology compared to any other alternative energy ... its mainly because it is relatively cheaper and easy to install ... yaaa ... we can't install wind mill at our rooftop .. but in case of solar cell , its possible to install sufficient number of panels to feed whole house ... and if more , then ... can even sell back produced power !!! ... also many states of USA , provides loan and subsidies for this kind of installations and many electric companies provide " net-metering " feature .... so i can say it has good future !!!


Another source is ... a bit of tale from science fiction ... energy from fuel cell !!!

Bacially in fuel cell, hydrogen and oxygen are used to produce electricity with help of special membrane ... ( ... i really liked that study in my class of alternative energy sources ) ... Just like solar cells , fuel cells were too developed initially for space crafts , but during last decade , there were attempts to make them work for our personal use too !!! we have even seen cars running from fuel cells from Honda, GM and Toyota !!! state like OHIO has invested lots of $$$$ for fuel cell companies and they even have one plant working at present !!!! and like all other alternative energy ... is clean green .. and by product is ???... just a steam of water !!!





Hmm ... i think this much information is enough for basic ... i just wanted to show you guys how we can change our world and make is world a more good place for coming generations !!!

May the force be with us ...

It was my first day of Alternative Energy Class of Spring '08 ... my professor showed us this "line" as a first introduction to Alternative Energies ... It was not just a simple line ... it mean lot more then that ... It says, we all are responsible for better future for next generation ... or can say for bad future ???

We all know that , the fossil fuels are about to end .. may be withing 20-30 years ... but before they end , we want to utilize them upto its maximum capacity ... we want our plants or factories or any other installations to work for 24 X 7 continuously , right ?? but we have never realized the consequences ...

Like we know , when we burn any fossil fuel , it generates "Green House Gases" , like CO2, these gases have one funny property ... they simply tend to store heat within their atom, so higher the gases higher the stored heat , well its good for plants to grow quickly but not good it these gases raised above certain limit ... it has been highest CO2 level measure at present time , and we have seen results , in form of drastic climate changes , or say increased frequency of tornadoes and their intensity .. ( its like , you can say , we are responsible less or more for Ike or gustav or katrina !!! , believe it or not , its very true ) or increased earth temperature and lots of others effects ...

We can not even think to live without electricity for a minute, right ?? have you ever thought from where it comes ?? its mainly from thermal power plants ... and as an electrical engineer i know , these plants have many effect of environment , in which , disposal of ash generated from combustion of coal is major problem ... ash is something that we can't easily get rid of , and so it effects our environment ... these plants also play major part in increasing CO2 and SO2 gases , the later one is responsible for "acid-rain" !!! ...

In developed countries like USA , they have thinner ozone layer compared to developing nations ... reason ?? again , these green house gases ... don't blame only industries , your car also emits these gases ... and it is the reason why we need to check UV index before we go out at beach .. right ?? because these Ozone , or O3 for short, gas acts as a filter for Ultra Violet rays that comes from sun ... but now this layer got thinner , it can't filter properly these UV rays ... you might be knowing that , these UV rays are deadly for humans if they remain in its contact for long time ... ( ...remember the day when you go out without suncream ?? )

Do you remember movie " Day after Tomorrow " ?? perhaps they have picturized the perfectly , what's gonna happen if we don't care about our deeds !!! obviously not so fast but it will happen for sure ... i guess , we have more chances of killing our self by making nature unstable then being destroyed by any asteroid from space !!!

As a resident of earth ... i DO CARE for her ... We always aware of our RIGHTS , but we never think of our DUTIES ... i personally believe that , saving earth ... saving our only home ... is our foremost duty ...

I want to write more about it ... may be some other time ....

May be force be with us ...

From couple of weeks we have seen drastic fallouts in DJ and Nasdaq ... it was mainly because of weak financial companies and banks .... and as a reason , it was rumored that US economy will be in great crisis ever seen before !!! , and it created panic in investors who had invested lots of $$$ in market , and started to sell out their stocks which make situation even worse for banks and those weak companies ... which made their credit score almost NULL ... and banks like Washington Mutual has to sell their assets to recover from those losses !!!

If this situation continues , it can long the recession that US economy is currently facing , right ?? so Mr. Bush came up with a plan , he wants government to buy out those weak banks and want to stabilize the economy but thorowing around 700Bn $ in to market .... the Bail out Plan !!! , and from who's pocket this cash gonna come ?? from the tax payer's .. its obvious ...

Well , being resident of US , i am well aware of the fact that , if this situation of recession continues , it will surely effect my future as well .. because lower the economy , fewer the jobs and even least opportunities for people ... but i know, its natural way ... So , i think congress should passout that bill to support economy ... its not just about me , but its about whole nation itself ... like any other bill, there are lots of different views for this bill ... some people says , they don't want to give their hard earned money to some "risk-takers", who have inversted without considering volatility of stock market !!! , some says , agree to give money , but they don't want those highely paid CEOs to get benefit from it ... well, i think they all are correct too ... who wants to give their hard earned money to someone who is responsible for all this crisis , right ( FYI, the bill has considered this factor too , they call it "the Golden Parachute"?? but they should consider all pros and cons of this refusal ... because no matter how we neglect stocks , they are vital part of economy by one or another way , aren't they ?? ...

Today , they are gonna have congressional voting for this Bailout Plan at , 12.30pm EST, and right now , just because of uncertainty , the DJ is down by nearly 300 pts and Nasdaq is nearly 95 pts !!! , which shows the importance of this bill .... and i just hope that people get agreed to pour 700Bn $ into market to make US economy more stable ... for better future ...

I just read on BBC, that , Japan did the same for their banks from declaring bankruptcy ...

Well, its just a view from the non-technical guy , who is a bit of interested to understand economic trends and stocks ... so may be my language is sort of words from "common-man's" tongue ...


May the force be with us !!!

Being the highest populated country on earth , China is obviously having the potential to become # 1 at many fields i guess .... atleast its true for having highest number of internet users in the world !!! ... According to available informations on internet , China is contributing nearly 20% of total internet users worldwide ... ( with growth rate of 1000+% during year '00 - '08 , compared to only 150% of USA ... its way hugeeeeeee difference, right ???) ...




But before moving to new , some "information" , about IP ... Like we know , in the protocol stack , IP ( Internet Protocol ) is basically used to identify any computer that is connected to internet network .. right ?? and as a common practice they use IP version 4 .. a.k.a. IPv4 , a 32-bit addressing system which allows 2³² unique addresses so that is the limit to have one and only one IP in whole world ... i know its very bigggggggggggg number but no matter how long that number is , it has one limit .. right ?? and being "non-technical" person , you might not be knowing that fact is , this number basket is about to get empty !!! ... means its just a matter of time when we will be out of these numbers , and you might believe it or not , but in human world we still identify things ... err .. including humans itself , by numbers only ... so IETF .. ( ... Internet Engineering Task Force ... " the keeper " of internet ) , has developed one new protocol namely ... IPv6 , a 128-bit addressing system , that can have , 2¹²⁸ address .. ( mathematically 1 addess for 1 person on earth !!! ) .... Hmm , but its not the story that i want to share ... its about China ...

According to the China Internet Network Information Center, under the current allocation speed, China's IPv4 address resources can only meet the demand of 830 more days and if no proper measures are taken by then, new Chinese netizens will not be able to gain normal access to the Internet.

Li Kai, director in charge of the IP business for CNNIC's international department, says that if a netizen wants to get access to the Internet, an IP address will be necessary to analyze the domain name and view the pages. At present, most of the networks in China use IPv4 addresses. As a basic resource for the Internet, the IPv4 addresses are limited and 80% of the final allocation IP addresses have been used. By the current allocation speed, China's IPv4 address resource can only meet the demand of 830 more days. If there is no available new resource by then, new netizens will not be able to gain normal access to the Internet and the business expansion of network operators will be impossible.

Li says that a new IPv6 network address, which is a basic network resource without these limitations, has been developed in America, but this kind of IP address is only used among educational websites in China. To use the IPv6 network address, network operators need to spend a lot of time and money on equipment updating.

May the force be with you ....

Ah , its 6 of evening ... and i've nothing to do ... actually my whole day was wasted today ... i don't know , sometimes i just feel super lazy ... i like to sleep rather then doing my study ... i think it's 'coz of cloudy day , yaa, the sky was full of clouds ... news was that we will be having rain for couple of days from tomorrow ... and like it was not enough , it has become very cold outside 'coz of chilling wind ... i know being resident of connecticut , its only a dream to have a good sunny day ... i feel like i am an ectotherms, !!! well , its b'coz i like hot weather more then winter ... and its already September ... so my city is started getting cold , and trees in my backyard are started to get bald and our little farm of vegetables is also in battle for its existence in cold ... !!!

My whole day was a bit of like this , from the morning after i finish my lunch ... i watched again my one of the fav. movie ... " Final Fantacy - The spirit Within " ( ... i'm kinda fan of animated movies ... ) ... well, then i took good nap of about 2 and half hours !!! when i get up , i was hungry again !!! so i made some noodles ... ( actually , i wanted to try to add some eggs in it for experiment , but since i am experimenting my diet by having only vegetarian items for couple of months , i postponed my " noodle experiment " for some other good moment ) ... I wanted to go for jogging but like i said , it was damn cold out for cold blooded creature like me ... so to cut the time , finally i thought to write about my day ..... at here , of course ...

I still need to work on Prof. Lee's project of database designing but i think i will skip thinking today and hopefully , i'll do it tomorrow or may be on the day when i will go to school again ... not sure when i will do it , but not today .... its sure !!! Aw, actually i also need to finish my solar cell assignment too ... damn ... and i wanted to read that new book i got from library ... man ... what a short day .. only 24 hours ?? ... oki oki ... its enough now ... i know i have lots of assignments to do ,but i need off today ... no more study now ... i think i'm gonna watch another movie ....

may the force be with me ....

Its less then a week is remaining from the day which "Comcast" has announced .... the day from when they are gonna put " The Cap " on the internet usage !!! ... Comcast , the largest ISP of North America , is already accused by FCC , for throttling p2p application usage illegally !!!

This "Cap" limit will be of 250Gigs per month ... which is "extremly large amount of data" -- saying officials of comcast ... Comcast customers that make heavy use of their Internet connections are sure to find themselves somewhat alarmed at the prospect of being capped. After all, perfectly legal things like movies from iTunes and Netflix, online music stores, massive software updates, and other media-heavy applications do suck up a lot of bandwidth. Comcast insists that the 250GB cap is enough to send some 50 million e-mails, download 62,500 songs, or download 125 standard-definition movies. Okay, so if a cap is going to be enforced, 250GB isn't that bad. It beats the 60GB caps and lower caps seen elsewhere in North America and it's a nice change from the company's previous etherial and mysterious caps. Still, investing in the infrastructure necessary to alleviate the need for caps is a better option for everyone involved.

In a statement e-mailed to Ars, Free Press called the caps "relatively high," but said they were also an indictment of current US broadband policy. "If the United States had genuine broadband competition, Internet providers would not be able to profit from artificial scarcity‚ they would invest in their networks to keep pace with consumer demand," said Free Press research director S. Derek Turner. "Unfortunately, Americans will continue to face the consequences of this lack of competition until policymakers get serious about policies that deliver the world-class networks consumers deserve". In May when the cap was first rumored, there was also buzz that Comcast might try to charge customers $15 for every 10GB they went over the limit.

The company has also joined in with other ISPs in trying to devise a P2P user's bill of right and contemplated the use of P4P software.

I bet , you can't find a single person who hasn't done this before .. right ?? ... Well, there are some sites on the internet that let you make prank calls on some selected pre-defined scenarios .. one of those site is ... hoaxcall ....

It offers three of these board that can control , then use to connect you to any number in the US,Canada or UK. Each soundboard scenario has a different theme. The site has launched with just three, one that fakes a live radio call , a standard wrong number , and an "annoying eBay buyer" who is attempting to return a computer that she got from site. The perfect thing is , it allows you to choose specific names so it gets less chances of the person hanging up !!! It combines standard soundboard with VOIP , so you can hear your call through speakers and send over each audio clip in real time ...

One thing is , they don't allow you to make call on same number till next two weeks after calling once !! I think its good ... Anyways , according to them , the number once called get stored in their temporary database for two week and then it gets removed ...

About privacy .... according to that guys , they says , they are not using these numbers for any other purpose...

Good thing is , its all free service , and you don't even need to get registered for it ... also if you don't want to be victim of prank call from that site ... then you can add your number to block call list !!!

so start having fun ...

njoy ....

Before long, sensors may be implanted in our bodies to do things like measure blood-glucose levels in diabetics or retinal pressure in glaucoma patients. But to be practical, they'll have to both be very small--as tiny as a grain of sand--and use long-lasting batteries of similarly small size, a combination not commercially available today.

Now researchers at the University of Michigan have made a processor that takes up just one millimeter square and whose power consumption is so low that emerging thin-film batteries of the same size could power it for 10 years or more, says David Blaauw, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Michigan and one of the lead researchers on the project.
But when this processor, dubbed the Phoenix, is coupled with a battery, the whole package would only be a cubic millimeter in volume. At this scale, Blaauw says, it could be feasible to build the chip into a thick contact lens and use it to monitor pressure in the eye, which would be useful for glaucoma detection. It could also be implanted under the skin to sense glucose levels in subcutaneous fluid. More broadly, this low-power approach to processor design could be used in environmental sensors that monitor pollution, or structural health sensors, for instance.


The processor uses only about 30 picowatts (a picowatt is one-millionth of one-millionth of a watt) of power when idle. When active, the processor consumes only 2.8 picojoules of energy per computing cycle. That amount is about a tenth of the energy used by the most energy-efficient chips on the market, says Jan Rabaey, a professor of electrical engineering and computer science at the University of California, Berkeley, who was not involved in the research.

The Michigan team's main idea was to design a chip that runs at an extremely low voltage. While microprocessors for personal computers may require two volts of electricity per operation, the Phoenix only needs 500 millivolts, or 75 percent less.

At this voltage, parts of the chip don't operate well, explains Blaauw, so his team redesigned the chip's memory, which is smaller than most processor memory, and its internal clock so that it could operate with minimal electrical input. The chip's clock--the timepiece that synchronizes number-crunching operations--has been reduced to an extremely slow rate of 100 kilohertz, as opposed to the gigahertz rates of personal computers. This approach makes sense for sensors, says Blaauw. "If we wanted to monitor pressure in the eye . . . we only need to take readings every few minutes," he says.Additionally, the researchers paid close attention to the energy loss that occurs while the chip is in sleep mode, or not collecting or processing data. Transistors in the newest computers are made using a 45-nanometer process in which features on a chip are 45 nanometers in size. While this allows for more transistors on a smaller chip, it also results in electrical leakage, due to the physics of the materials at this scale. Blaauw and his team opted for larger transistors made using a 180-nanometer process, from a previous generation of chips. These transistors are in a "sweet spot," says Blaauw. They are big enough to have minimal leakage and yet small enough for the researchers to fit a large number on a one-millimeter-square chip.

To further minimize leakage, the researchers added special transistors that completely shut off the power supply to the processing transistors when the chip is in standby mode. This is a common approach, says Blaauw, but his team took it to the extreme and dedicated much more of the chip than usual to these "power-gating" transistors. "If a normal [chip] designer would look at this, he'd say, 'You're out of your mind,'" Blaauw says. "But it gives us the power-savings trade-off we need." In sum, the researchers combined a number of already existing tricks and fine-tuned them to achieve the record-breaking low power consumption.

The Michigan team, which is also led by Dennis Sylvester, professor of electrical engineering and computer science, still must add a battery to the Phoenix, and it needs to develop a way for data to be offloaded from the chip for further analysis. Once this is done, the researchers can work on full integration within a biological system, which could take years.

Berkeley's Rabaey, who is writing a book on low-power processors, says that the work is significant. "What has impressed me is that they've driven this to quite extreme numbers," he says. "The energy consumption is extremely low. Nobody else has come even close to this." Rabaey notes that this processor is intended for specialty sensor applications and that it won't show up in a cell phone anytime soon. However, it's an important step toward building implantable medical sensors whose batteries can last for years.

The idea of this low voltage chip is not new, says Rabaey: it's been used successfully in the watch industry for decades. But within the past few years, academic and industry interest in such design has blossomed as engineers are exploring more varied and ubiquitous uses of sensors, devices that require energy-saving tricks in order to be practical.